Spin-Dependent Hubbard Model and a Quantum Phase Transition in Cold Atoms

TL;DR

This paper proposes an experimental method to create spin-dependent Hubbard models in cold atomic gases, enabling the study of exotic superfluid states and quantum phase transitions with controllable parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a novel laser-based protocol for engineering spin-dependent lattice structures and explores the resulting quantum phases and transitions in cold atom systems.

Findings

Potential realization of exotic superfluid states with coexisting components.

Identification of a quantum phase transition where the normal component vanishes.

Control of superfluid and normal phases via external magnetic fields.

Abstract

We describe an experimental protocol for introducing spin-dependent lattice structure in a cold atomic fermi gas using lasers. It can be used to realize Hubbard models whose hopping parameters depend on spin and whose interaction strength can be controlled with an external magnetic field. We suggest that exotic superfluidities will arise in this framework. An especially interesting possibility is a class of states that support coexisting superfluid and normal components, even at zero temperature. The quantity of normal component varies with external parameters. We discuss some aspects of the quantum phase transition that arises at the point where it vanishes.