Quarter-filled extended Hubbard model with alternating transfer integral: Two-dimensional Ising transition in the ground state

TL;DR

This paper investigates a one-dimensional quarter-filled extended Hubbard model with alternating transfer integrals, revealing a quantum Ising criticality and phase boundaries relevant to charge-ordering in organic salts.

Contribution

It connects the charge part of the model to the quantum Ising and sine-Gordon theories, and maps out the ground-state phase diagram through numerical analysis.

Findings

Charge part described by quantum Ising model at criticality

Phase boundary between two $4k_{ m F}$ density-wave states determined

Relevance to charge-ordered phases in organic salts

Abstract

We study the one-dimensional quarter-filled extended Hubbard model with an alternating transfer integral. In the strong-dimerization limit the charge part is described by the quantum Ising model which shows the two-dimensional Ising criticality at the self-dual point, and it is naturally connected to the double-frequency sine-Gordon theory in the weak dimerization. Treating low-lying excitations in finite-size systems, we numerically determine a phase boundary between two types of $4k_{\rm F}$ density-wave states and clarify the ground-state phase diagram. Further, we refer to its relevances to the charge-ordered phase observed in the charge-transfer organic salts.