Electrons in 2D periodic magnetic and electric fields: Avoided band crossings, metal-insulator transitions, and changes in the spreading direction

TL;DR

This paper investigates how electrons behave in a 2D periodic potential with magnetic and electric fields, revealing phenomena like avoided crossings and metal-insulator transitions, driven by tunneling effects in different modulation regimes.

Contribution

It uncovers new electron behaviors in 2D systems under magnetic and electric modulations, especially in the weak modulation limit where classical chaos is absent.

Findings

Avoided band crossings observed in magnetic modulation.

Metal-insulator transitions linked to tunneling.

Changes in wave packet spreading direction.

Abstract

We study the energy spectrum and wave packet dynamics of electrons in a two-dimensional periodic potential subject to a perpendicular spatially modulated magnetic field. We observe avoided band crossings, metal-insulator transitions, and changes in the spreading direction of wave packets in two new situations: (i) for a purely magnetic modulation and (ii) in the limit of weak electric and magnetic modulations, where the Landau band coupling can be neglected. In the second case the corresponding classical system is no longer chaotic but integrable, whereby these phenomena are not expected. We argue that they are due to tunneling.