Stability of giant vortices in quantum liquids

TL;DR

This paper investigates how giant vortices can be stabilized in Bose-Einstein condensates using external potentials, analyzing their formation, stability conditions, and the critical rotation frequencies required.

Contribution

It introduces a method to stabilize giant vortices in BECs via relaxation dynamics and characterizes the frequency range for their stability in specific potentials.

Findings

Giant vortices can be stabilized in BECs with external potentials.

A simplified 1D relaxation dynamics helps analyze vortex stability.

A critical rotation frequency curve for observing giant vortices is derived.

Abstract

We show how giant vortices can be stabilized in strong external potential Bose-Einstein condensates. We illustrate the formation of these vortices thanks to the relaxation Ginzburg-Landau dynamics for two typical potentials in two spatial dimensions. The giant vortex stability is studied for the particular case of the rotating cylindrical hard wall. The minimization of the perturbed energy is simplified into a one dimensional relaxation dynamics. The giant vortices can be stabilized only in a finite frequency range. Finally we obtain a curve for the minimum frequency needed to observe a giant vortex for a given nonlinearity.