Electron transmission through a short interacting wire: 0.7 conductance anomaly

TL;DR

This paper studies electron tunneling through a short interacting wire, revealing temperature-dependent conductance behavior that explains the 0.7 anomaly observed in experiments, with a transition from partial to full conductance.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical framework connecting the 0.7 conductance anomaly to temperature regimes and Kondo physics in short interacting wires.

Findings

At finite temperature, conductance is between e^2/h and 2e^2/h due to spin-dependent tunneling.

At low temperature, conductance reaches the quantum limit of 2e^2/h, consistent with Kondo effect.

The model explains experimental observations of conductance behavior across temperature regimes.

Abstract

We investigate tunneling through a short interacting wire. We identify two temperature regimes (a) $T_{Kondo}<T\le T^{wire}=\hbar v_F/k_Bd$ ($d$ is the length of the short wire) and (b) $T<T_{Kondo}\ll T^{wire}$. In the first regime the effective (renormalized) electron-electron interaction is smaller than the tunneling matrix element. This is the situation at finite temperature $T$ where the single particle spectrum of the wire is characterized by a multilevel "quantum dot" system with magnetic quantum number S=0 which is higher in energy than the SU(2) spin doublet $S=\pm1/2$. Due to the single particle energy we find that the tunneling electron into the wire must have an opposite spin to the one in the short wire giving rise to a conductance, $G= G_\uparrow+G_\downarrow$, $e^2/h\le G\ll 2e^2/h$. In the second regime, when $T \to0$ we have a situation that the effective (renormalized) electron-electron interaction is larger than the tunneling matrix element. This problem is equivalent to a Kondo problem. We find for $T<T_{Kondo}$ that the conductance is given by $G=2e^2/h$. These results are in agreement with recent experiments where for $T_{Kondo}<T<T^{wire}$ the conductance $G$ obeys $e^2/h\le G\ll 2e^2/h$, and for $T< T_{Kondo}$, $G=2e^2/h$. In both regimes the current is not polarized and the SU(2) symmetry is not broken.