Bernoulli potential in type-I and weak type-II supercoductors: II. Surface dipole

TL;DR

This paper modifies the Budd-Vannimenus theorem for superconductors in the Meissner state, enabling the evaluation of surface electrostatic potential from free energy density without detailed charge profile solutions.

Contribution

It introduces a modified theorem linking surface electrostatic potential to free energy density in superconductors, simplifying potential evaluation.

Findings

Derived a new identity for surface electrostatic potential

Allows potential estimation without explicit charge profile solutions

Applicable to type-I and weak type-II superconductors

Abstract

The Budd-Vannimenus theorem is modified to apply to superconductors in the Meissner state. The obtained identity links the surface value of the electrostatic potential to the density of free energy at the surface which allows one to evaluate the electrostatic potential observed via the capacitive pickup without the explicit solution of the charge profile.