Vortex nucleation through edge states in finite Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates vortex formation in finite Bose-Einstein condensates by solving the Schrödinger equation with specific boundary conditions, providing a quantitative estimate of the angular velocity needed for vortex nucleation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using non-local and chiral boundary conditions to accurately determine the vortex nucleation threshold in finite BECs.

Findings

Vortex nucleation occurs at approximately 35% of the transverse trapping frequency.

The method provides a quantitative expression for the critical angular velocity.

Finite size effects are significant in vortex formation in BECs.

Abstract

We study the vortex nucleation in a finite Bose-Einstein condensate. Using a set of non-local and chiral boundary conditions to solve the Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation of non-interacting bosons in a rotating trap, we obtain a quantitative expression for the characteristic angular velocity for vortex nucleation in a condensate which is found to be 35% of the transverse harmonic trapping frequency.