Renormalization Group Approach to the Infrared Behavior of a Zero-Temperature Bose System

TL;DR

This paper uses the renormalization-group approach to determine the exact infrared behavior of a zero-temperature Bose system, revealing a new fixed point and clarifying the stability of the Bogoliubov spectrum.

Contribution

It establishes the exact infrared behavior of an interacting Bose system at zero temperature using a controlled epsilon-expansion and Ward identities, identifying a new fixed point.

Findings

The Bogoliubov fixed point is unstable for 1<d≤3.

The Bogoliubov spectrum remains unaffected by critical correlations.

Transverse fluctuations have a finite coupling, but no transverse anomalous dimension.

Abstract

We exploit the renormalization-group approach to establish the {\em exact} infrared behavior of an interacting Bose system at zero temperature. The local-gauge symmetry in the broken-symmetry phase is implemented through the associated Ward identities, which reduce the number of independent running couplings to a single one. For this coupling the $\epsilon$-expansion can be controlled to all orders in $\epsilon$ ($=3-d$). For spatial dimensions $1 < d \leq 3$ the Bogoliubov fixed point is unstable towards a different fixed point characterized by the divergence of the longitudinal correlation function. The Bogoliubov linear spectrum, however, is found to be independent from the critical behavior of this correlation function, being exactly constrained by Ward identities. The new fixed point properly gives a finite value of the coupling among transverse fluctuations, but due to virtual intermediate longitudinal fluctuations the effective coupling affecting the transverse correlation function flows to zero. As a result, no transverse anomalous dimension is present. This treatment allows us to recover known results for the quantum Bose gas in the context of a unifying framework and also to reveal the non-trivial skeleton structure of its perturbation theory.