Quantum Power Source. Putting in Order of a Brownian Motion without Maxwell's Demon

TL;DR

This paper explores how quantum phenomena may allow for ordered Brownian motion, challenging the second law of thermodynamics, and presents experimental evidence of a quantum power source that could violate this law.

Contribution

It proposes that quantum effects can produce non-chaotic Brownian motion, providing a potential mechanism to violate the second law without Maxwell's demon.

Findings

Quantum phenomena like persistent current indicate non-chaotic Brownian motion.

Experimental observation of a dc quantum power source suggests second law violation.

Classical randomness assumptions may not hold in quantum regimes.

Abstract

The problem of possible violation of the second law of thermodynamics is discussed. It is noted that the task of the well known challenge to the second law called Maxwell's demon is put in order a chaotic perpetual motion and if any ordered (non-chaotic) Brownian motion exists then the second law can be broken without this hypothetical intelligent entity. The postulate of absolute randomness of any Brownian motion saved the second law in the beginning of the 20th century when it was realized as perpetual motion. This postulate can be proved in the limits of classical mechanics but is not correct according to quantum mechanics. Moreover some enough known quantum phenomena, such as the persistent current at non-zero resistance, are an experimental evidence of the non-chaotic Brownian motion with non-zero average velocity. An experimental observation of a dc quantum power source is interpreted as evidence of violation of the second law.