Structure of excited vortices with higher angular momentum in Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the structure of excited vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing how increased angular momentum affects vortex core density and explaining experimental observations of vortex visibility and angular momentum discrepancies.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of excited vortex structures considering many-body correlations, showing how core density varies with angular momentum, aligning theory with experiments.

Findings

Vortex core density increases with angular momentum.

Higher angular momentum leads to reduced vortex core visibility.

Calculated density profiles match experimental data.

Abstract

The structure of vortices in Bose-Einstein condensed atomic gases is studied taking into account many-body correlation effects. It is shown that for excited vortices the particle density in the vortex core increases as the angular momentum of the system increases. The core density can increase by several times with only a few percent change in the angular momentum. This result provides an explanation for the observations in which the measured angular momentum is higher than the estimation based on counting the number of vortices, and the visibility of the vortex cores is simultaneously reduced. The calculated density profiles for the excited vortices are in good agreement with experimental measurements.