Self-induced charge currents in electromagnetic materials, photon effective rest mass and some related topics

TL;DR

This paper explores how self-induced charge currents in metamaterials influence photon effective rest mass, including calculations for specific media and examining the torque effects from cosmic plasma interactions.

Contribution

It introduces detailed analysis of photon effective rest mass in metamaterials and models the torque caused by cosmic plasma interactions on torsion balance experiments.

Findings

Photon effective rest mass varies with medium properties.

Calculated mass for left-handed and 2TDLM media.

Identified torque effects from cosmic plasma interactions.

Abstract

The contribution of self-induced charge currents of metamaterial media to photon effective rest mass is discussed in detail in the present paper. We concern ourselves with two kinds of photon effective rest mass, i.e., the frequency-dependent and frequency-independent effective rest mass. Based on these two definitions, we calculate the photon effective rest mass in the left-handed medium and the 2TDLM media, the latter of which is described by the so-called two time derivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) model. Additionally, we concentrate primarily on the torque, which is caused by the interaction between self-induced charge currents in dilute plasma (e.g., the secondary cosmic rays) and interstellar magnetic fields (ambient cosmic magnetic vector potentials), acting on the torsion balance of the rotating torsion balance experiment.