Giant Vortex Lattice Deformations in Rapidly Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper uses numerical simulations within the Gross-Pitaevskii framework to analyze giant vortex structures in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates, reproducing experimental features and explaining core oscillations.

Contribution

It provides a quantitative mechanism for core oscillations, distinguishes between atom removal and pinning effects, and simulates vortex lattice vibrations.

Findings

Reproduced experimental vortex core oscillations

Identified mechanisms behind giant vortex formation

Simulated vortex lattice vibrations

Abstract

We have performed numerical simulations of giant vortex structures in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates within the Gross-Pitaevskii formalism. We reproduce the qualitative features, such as oscillation of the giant vortex core area, formation of toroidal density hole, and the precession of giant vortices, observed in the recent experiment [Engels \emph{et.al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 90}, 170405 (2003)]. We provide a mechanism which quantitatively explains the observed core oscillation phenomenon. We demonstrate the clear distinction between the mechanism of atom removal and a repulsive pinning potential in creating giant vortices. In addition, we have been able to simulate the transverse Tkachenko vortex lattice vibrations.