The checkerboard modulation and the inter-layer asymmetry of the hole density in cuprates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the checkerboard charge order and inter-layer charge asymmetry in cuprates, linking Coulomb energy gain to condensation energy and comparing theoretical calculations with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a model connecting checkerboard modulation and inter-layer charge asymmetry to the condensation energy in cuprates, supported by calculations matching experimental observations.

Findings

Coulomb energy gain along the c-axis correlates with condensation energy.

Calculated dielectric constants and coherence lengths agree with experimental data.

Inter-layer charge complementarity explains the observed asymmetry in cuprates.

Abstract

The 2D pair-condensate is characterized by a charge ordered state with a "checkerboard" pattern in the planes and with an alternating superstructure along the c-axis.We find that Coulomb energy gain occurs along the c-axis, which is proportional to the measured condensation energy and is due to inter-layer charge complementarity (charge asymmetry of the boson condensate. The static c-axis dielectric constant and the in-plane coherence length are also calculated for various cuprates and compared with the available experimental data. We find excellent agreement .