Bose-Einstein Condensation of Molecular Hydrogen in Nanotube Bundles

TL;DR

This paper investigates Bose-Einstein condensation of molecular hydrogen in nanotube bundles, showing how heterogeneity affects density states and identifying a phase transition at very low temperatures.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis of hydrogen molecules in nanotube bundles, highlighting the impact of heterogeneity on density of states and predicting Bose-Einstein condensation at millikelvin temperatures.

Findings

Density increases in the most strongly bound tubes as temperature decreases.

Bose-Einstein condensation occurs around 10 mK.

Singular heat capacity observed at the transition.

Abstract

We evaluate the effects of heterogeneity on the density of states of H$_2$ molecules inside interstitial channels within bundles of carbon nanotubes. As temperature (T) falls, the density increases within those tubes having the greatest binding energy. At T ~ 10 mK, the molecules undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, exhibiting a singular heat capacity.