The Gross-Pitaevskii equation and higher order theories in one-dimensional Bose gases

TL;DR

This paper develops a one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation using a many-body T-matrix approach, which accurately describes the Bose gas across weak and strong interactions, bridging the gap between exact models and mean-field theories.

Contribution

It introduces a modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation for 1D Bose gases based on an approximate T-matrix, improving agreement with exact results in different interaction regimes.

Findings

The new equation agrees with exact models in weak and strong limits.

Mean-field treatments can be qualitatively improved using the T-matrix approach.

Standard mean-field theories require modifications for better accuracy in 1D systems.

Abstract

We investigate the properties of the one-dimensional Bose gas at zero temperature, for which exact results exist for some model systems. We treat the interactions between particles in the gas with an approximate form of the many-body T-matrix, and find a form of Gross-Pitaevskii equation valid in 1D. The results presented agree with the exact models in both the weakly and strongly interacting limits, and interpolate smoothly between them. We also investigate the use of mean-field treatments of trapped BECs to describe the 1D system in the strongly interacting limit. We find that the use of the many-body T-matrix to describe interactions leads to qualitative agreement with the exact models for some physical quantities. We indicate how the standard mean-field treatments need to be modified to extend and improve the agreement.