Recursion method and one-hole spectral function of the Majumdar-Ghosh model

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel recursion method to extract the infinite-system Green's function from small cluster calculations, applied to the Majumdar-Ghosh model, revealing spectral features like branch cuts, gaps, and bound states.

Contribution

The authors develop a new approach to determine the Green's function of infinite systems from finite cluster data, including an analytical form for the continued fraction terminator.

Findings

Identified bulk-related Lanczos coefficients unaffected by finite size effects.

Proposed an analytical form for the Green's function's terminator.

Discovered spectral features such as branch cuts, band gaps, and bound states.

Abstract

We consider the application of the recursion method to the calculation of one-particle Green's functions for strongly correlated systems and propose a new way how to extract the information about the infinite system from the exact diagonalisation of small clusters. Comparing the results for several cluster sizes allows us to establish those Lanczos coefficients that are not affected by the finite size effects and provide the information about the Green's function of the macroscopic system. The analysis of this 'bulk-related' subset of coefficients supplemented by alternative analytic approaches allows to infer their asymptotic behaviour and to propose an approximate analytical form for the 'terminator' of the Green's function continued fraction expansion for the infinite system. As a result, the Green's function acquires the branch cut singularity corresponding to the incoherent part of the spectrum. The method is applied to the spectral function of one-hole in the Majumdar-Ghosh model (the one-dimensional $ t-J-J^{\prime}$ model at $J^{\prime}/J=1/2$). For this model, the branch cut starts at finite energy $\omega_0$, but there is no upper bound of the spectrum, corresponding to a linear increase of the recursion coefficients. Further characteristics of the spectral function are band gaps in the middle of the band and bound states below $\omega_0$ or within the gaps. The band gaps arise due to the period doubling of the unit cell and show up as characteristic oscillations of the recursion coefficients on top of the linear increase.