Induced paramagnetic states by localized $\pi $-loops in grain boundaries

TL;DR

This paper models grain boundaries in high-temperature superconductors as arrays of Josephson junctions to explain localized paramagnetic behavior caused by induced $$-loops, providing insights into the conditions for this phenomenon.

Contribution

It introduces a model of grain boundaries as arrays of $$ and conventional Josephson junctions to analyze paramagnetic states in superconductors.

Findings

Paramagnetic behavior is linked to $$-loop formation.

Conditions for paramagnetism depend on junction configuration.

Model explains experimental observations of localized paramagnetism.

Abstract

Recent experiments on high-temperature superconductors show paramagnetic behavior localized at grain boundaries (GB). This paramagnetism can be attributed to the presence unconventional d-wave induced $\pi$-junctions. By modeling the GB as an array of $\pi$ and conventional Josephson junction we determine the conditions of the occurrence of the paramagnetic behavior.