Ring Dark Solitons and Vortex Necklaces in Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper introduces ring dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, showing shallow rings are stable while deeper ones split into vortex clusters that oscillate, revealing new dynamical behaviors.

Contribution

It presents the novel concept of ring dark solitons in BECs and analyzes their stability and dynamics, including vortex formation and oscillations.

Findings

Shallow rings are stable against snake instability.

Deeper rings split into vortex pairs forming ring-like clusters.

Vortex clusters exhibit radial and azimuthal oscillations.

Abstract

We introduce the concept of ring dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates. We show that relatively shallow rings are not subject to the snake instability, but a deeper ring splits into a robust ring-like cluster of vortex pairs, which performs oscillations in the radial and azimuthal directions, following the dynamics of the original ring soliton.