Charge and Spin Quantum Fluids Generated by Many-Electron Interactions

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel two-fluid model of electrons in the 1D Hubbard model, describing charge and spin excitations through rotated electrons, holons, spinons, and pseudoparticles, applicable across the entire parameter space.

Contribution

It introduces a two-fluid framework using rotated electrons and pseudoparticles to describe energy eigenstates and excitations in the 1D Hubbard model.

Findings

Describes energy eigenstates via holons, spinons, and pseudoparticles.

Provides a unified picture of charge and spin transport.

Applicable to large lattice systems.

Abstract

In this paper we describe the electrons of the 1D Hubbard model by a fluid of unpaired rotated electrons and a fluid of zero-spin rotated-electron pairs. The rotated electrons are related to the original electrons by a mere unitary transformation. For all finite values of energy and for the whole parameter space of the model this two-fluid picture leads to a description of the energy eigenstates in terms of occupancy configurations of $\eta$-spin 1/2 holons, spin 1/2 spinons, and $c$ pseudoparticles only. The electronic degrees of freedom couple to external charge (and spin) probes through the holons and $c$ pseudoparticles (and spinons). Our results refer to very large values of the number of lattice sites $N_a$. The holon (and spinon) charge (and spin transport is made by $2\nu$-holon (and $2\nu$-spinon) composite pseudoparticles such that $\nu=1,2,...$.