Spectroscopy of Dark Soliton States in Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper combines experimental and numerical approaches to study dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, focusing on their formation, propagation, and spectroscopic properties to improve creation techniques.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of dark soliton dynamics using Bragg-spectroscopy and compares experimental results with Gross-Pitaevskii simulations, enhancing phase imprinting methods.

Findings

Identification of flux in dark soliton propagation

Validation of numerical models with experimental data

Optimization insights for phase imprinting techniques

Abstract

Experimental and numerical studies of the velocity field of dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates are presented. The formation process after phase imprinting as well as the propagation of the emerging soliton are investigated using spatially resolved Bragg-spectroscopy of soliton states in Bose-Einstein condensates of Rubidium87. A comparison of experimental data to results from numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation clearly identifies the flux underlying a dark soliton propagating in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The results allow further optimization of the phase imprinting method for creating collective exitations of Bose-Einstein condensates.