Hybrid Luttinger liquid/Fermi liquid behaviour in an atomic wire on a surface

TL;DR

This paper investigates the electronic behavior of atomic-scale wires on surfaces, revealing a hybrid of Luttinger liquid and Fermi liquid properties through a simplified theoretical model.

Contribution

It introduces a model combining interacting and non-interacting chains to study the mixed Luttinger and Fermi liquid behavior in atomic wires on surfaces.

Findings

Presence of Luttinger liquid indicators in the spectral functions

Residual Fermi liquid characteristics in the system

Hybrid behavior suggests a mix of one- and higher-dimensional properties

Abstract

Recent advances in single atom manipulation have made it possible to create "wires" in the form of atomic scale linear structures on a semiconductor surface. If such structures are to be used in future electronic devices, it will be necessary to know to what extent they behave as one-dimensional conductors, in which the presence of electron-electron interactions in the wire lead to properties quite different from those found in higher-dimensional systems. In particular, it would be useful to know if these structures retain any of the Luttinger liquid properties that are predicted for a pure one-dimensional metal. However, experimental studies of such structures have so far yielded unclear and contradictory results. We investigate this problem theoretically by creating a highly simplified model of a wire on a surface--a chain of atoms that includes electron-electron interactions to represent the wire, coupled to a similar chain that excludes electron-electron interactions to represent, albeit crudely, the surface. We present results for the eigenstates and spectral functions for such systems that suggest that many Luttinger liquid indicators are present. However the system as a whole retains some residual Fermi liquid characteristics, and therefore merges properties of both one and higher dimensions.