Charge Modulations in the Superconducting State of the Cuprates

TL;DR

This paper investigates charge density wave orders coexisting with superconductivity in cuprates, deriving local density of states expressions and explaining STM and ARPES experimental results with specific modulation types.

Contribution

It provides explicit expressions for local density of states and identifies the charge modulations consistent with experimental observations in cuprate superconductors.

Findings

STM experiments in Bi-2212 are explained by dimerization hopping and transverse pairing modulations.

Derived local density of states and Fourier components for weak charge modulations.

Calculated spectral function for charged stripes matching ARPES data.

Abstract

Motivated by the recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and neutron scattering experiments, we investigate various charge density wave orders coexisting with superconductivity in the cuprate superconductors. The explicit expressions of the local density of states and its Fourier component at the ordering wavevector for the weak charge modulations are derived. It is shown that the STM experiments in $Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}$ cannot be explained by a site- or bond-centered charge modulation alone, but agree well with the presence of the dimerization hopping and transverse pairing modulations. We also calculate the spectral function for the charged stripes, which is measured by the ARPES experiments.