Bloch waves of small high-Tc bipolarons

TL;DR

This paper reviews a realistic high-Tc superconductor model with strong on-site repulsion and finite-range electron-phonon interactions, highlighting bipolaron formation, their states, and implications for cuprate properties.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive model incorporating Coulomb and finite-range electron-phonon interactions, analyzing bipolaron states and their role in high-Tc superconductivity.

Findings

Bipolarons form in Bloch states below half the phonon frequency.

Charge carriers in ladders are superlight intersite bipolarons.

Model explains key features of cuprates, including Tc, isotope effects, and pseudogaps.

Abstract

Over the last decade several competing models of high-temperature superconductivity were proposed, most of them with short-range interactions. We review a more realistic model with strong on-site repulsive correlations, the Coulomb and strong finite-range electron-phonon interactions. Bipolarons in the model exist in the itinerant Bloch states at temperatures below about half of the characteristic phonon frequency. Depending on the ratio of the inter-site Coulomb repulsion and the polaron level shift the ground state of the model is a polaronic Fermi (or Luttinger) liquid, bipolaronic high-Tc superconductor, or charge-segregated insulator for the strong, intermediate, and weak Coulomb repulsion, respectively. Two particular lattices are analysed in detail: a chain with the finite range electron-phonon interaction and a zig-zag ladder. Charge carriers in the ladder are superlight mobile intersite bipolarons. They propagate coherently without emission or absorption of phonons with about the same mass as single polarons. The model describes key features of the cuprates, in particular their Tc values, different isotope effects, normal state pseudogaps, and spectral functions measured in tunnelling and photoemission.