System of particles with interaction and the cluster formation in condensed matter

TL;DR

This paper develops a statistical approach to analyze systems of interacting particles, focusing on cluster formation, size, and phase transitions across different physical systems like electrons, Coulomb-interacting particles, and gravitating masses.

Contribution

It introduces a method to describe nonhomogeneous particle distributions and evaluate cluster properties in various interacting particle systems.

Findings

Clusters' size and particle number are characterized.

Phase transition temperatures to cluster states are estimated.

Applicable to systems like electrons on helium, Coulomb particles, and gravitating masses.

Abstract

We investigate the behaviour of a system of particles with the different character of interaction. The approach makes it possible to describe systems of interacting particles by statistical methods taking into account a spatial nonhomogeneous distribution of particles, i.e. cluster formation. For these clusters are evaluated: their size, the number of particles in a cluster, and the temperature of phase transition to the cluster state. Three systems are under consideration: electrons on the liquid helium surface, particles interacting by the shielding Coulomb potential, which are found under the influence of an elastic field (e.g. nucleons in a nucleus), and gravitating masses with the Hubble expansion.