Noise of a single-electron transistor in the regime of large quantum fluctuations of island charge out of equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper calculates current and charge noise in a single-electron transistor under large quantum fluctuations out of equilibrium, revealing effects beyond traditional theories, especially near the Kondo temperature.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theoretical approach combining drone-fermion and Schwinger-Keldysh methods to analyze noise in non-equilibrium single-electron transistors with large charge fluctuations.

Findings

Fano factor suppression at high bias and zero temperature exceeds Coulomb correlation effects.

Charge noise deviates from orthodox predictions at high temperature and low bias.

Quantum fluctuations lead to charge noise suppression and modify the effective charge unit.

Abstract

By using the drone-fermion representation and the Schwinger-Keldysh approach, we calculate the current noise and the charge noise for a single-electron transistor in the non-equilibrium state in the presence of large quantum fluctuation of island charge. Our result interpolates between those of the "orthodox theory" and the "co-tunneling theory". We find the following effects which are not treated by previous theories: (i) At zero temperature T=0 and at finite applied bias voltage $|eV| \gg T_{K}$, where $T_{K}$ is the "Kondo temperature", we find the Fano factor is suppressed more than the suppression caused by Coulomb correlation both in the Coulomb blockade regime and in the sequential tunneling regime. (ii) For $T \gg |eV|/2 \gg T_{K}$, the current noise in the presence of large charge fluctuation is modified and deviates from the prediction of the orthodox theory. However, the Fano factor coincides with that of the orthodox theory and is proportional to the temperature. (iii) For $eV, T \lesssim T_{K}$, the charge noise is suppressed due to the renormalization of system parameters caused by quantum fluctuation of charge. We interpret it in terms of the modification of the "unit" of the island charge.