Bose-Einstein-Young condensates

TL;DR

This paper introduces Bose-Einstein-Young condensates, a novel ultracold atomic state with complex permutation symmetry, expanding the understanding of quantum states in ultracold gases.

Contribution

It proposes the concept of Bose-Einstein-Young condensates, highlighting their unique permutation symmetry structure related to Young diagrams.

Findings

Theoretical framework for Bose-Einstein-Young condensates

Description of their permutation symmetry properties

Potential implications for quantum state classification

Abstract

We demonstrate a possibility to create a new state of ultracold atoms which we call a Bose-Einstein-Young condensate. Atoms are supposed to be in different hyperfine state of the same isotope. The wave function of such a state, although totally symmetric with respect to simultaneous permutation of co-ordinates and spins of any pair of atoms, has more complicated structure than a simple product of totally symmetric co-ordinate and spin parts. Its properties with respect to permutations of only co-ordinates or only spins are characterized by a particular Young diagram, a symbol denoting an irreducible representation of the permutation group.