Probing Vortex Unbinding via Dipole Fluctuations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a numerical method to detect vortex unbinding transitions in 2D systems by analyzing large-scale dipole fluctuations, revealing multiple vortex phases in the XY model.

Contribution

A novel numerical approach based on dipole fluctuation measurements to identify vortex unbinding transitions in two-dimensional systems.

Findings

The method distinguishes bound and unbound vortex phases effectively.

In the XY model, three distinct vortex phases are identified.

The approach works in the presence and absence of magnetic fields.

Abstract

We develop a numerical method for detecting a vortex unbinding transition in a two-dimensional system by measuring large scale fluctuations in the total vortex dipole moment ${\vec P}$ of the system. These are characterized by a quantity $\cal F$ which measures the number of configurations in a simulation for which the either $P_x$ or $P_y$ is half the system size. It is shown that $\cal F$ tends to a non-vanishing constant for large system sizes in the unbound phase, and vanishes in the bound phase. The method is applied to the XY model both in the absence and presence of a magnetic field. In the latter case, the system size dependence of $\cal F$ suggests that there exist three distinct phases, one unbound vortex phase, a logarithmically bound phase, and a linearly bound phase.