Plastic depinning in artificial vortex channels: competition between bulk and boundary nucleation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the depinning transition of vortex chains in artificial channels, revealing how frustration and disorder influence the threshold and mechanisms of depinning, with implications for superconducting vortex transport.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework combining London, Frenkel-Kontorova, and sine-Gordon models to analyze vortex depinning with disorder and frustration effects.

Findings

Depinning threshold decreases with frustration in the commensurate phase.

Boundary and bulk topological defects drive depinning processes.

Weak disorder reduces the depinning threshold in the commensurate phase but increases it in the incommensurate phase.

Abstract

We study the depinning transition of a driven chain-like system in the presence of frustration and quenched disorder. The analysis is motivated by recent transport experiments on artificial vortex-flow channels in superconducting thin films. We start with a London description of the vortices and then map the problem onto a generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model and its continuous equivalent, the sine-Gordon model. In the absence of disorder, frustration reduces the depinning threshold in the commensurate phase, which nearly vanishes in the incommensurate regime. Depinning of the driven frustrated chain occurs via unstable configurations that are localized at the boundaries of the sample and evolve into topological defects which move freely through the entire sample. In the presence of disorder, topological defects can also be generated in the bulk. Further, disorder leads to pinning of topological defects. We find that weak disorder effectively reduces the depinning threshold in the commensurate phase, but increases the threshold in the incommensurate phase.