Rotating ground states of trapped Bose atoms with arbitrary two-body interactions

TL;DR

This paper derives exact expressions for the rotating ground states of trapped Bose atoms with arbitrary two-body interactions, revealing a transition between collective rotation and vortex states depending on interaction parameters.

Contribution

It provides a general analytical solution for the ground states of Bose atoms under rotation with arbitrary interactions, highlighting a quantum phase transition.

Findings

Exact expressions for rotating ground states are obtained.

Ground states switch between collective rotation and vortex states based on interaction sign.

A quantum phase transition occurs when interaction potential shape is varied.

Abstract

In a k-dimensional system of weakly interacting Bose atoms trapped by a spherically symmetric and harmonic external potential, an exact expression is obtained for the rotating ground states at a fixed angular momentum. The result is valid for arbitrary interactions obeying minimal physical requirements. Depending on the sign of a modified scattering length, it reduces to either a collective rotation or a condensed vortex state, with no alternative. The ground state can undergo a kind of quantum phase transition when the shape of the interaction potential is smoothly varied.