Interference Effects between Three Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates interference effects in three coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing complex oscillation behaviors, self-trapped states, and phase diagram characteristics that help determine atomic interaction parameters.

Contribution

It generalizes the Josephson effect to three coupled BECs and predicts self-trapped states, expanding understanding beyond two-component systems.

Findings

Discovery of nonsinusoidal oscillations in three coupled BECs

Prediction of self-trapped effects in the system

Phase diagrams are closed only for specific parameters

Abstract

We study the interference effects between three weakly linked trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) as a generalization of the two-component condensates. Three coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPE) are used to describe the dynamics of the system. The nonsinusoidal oscillation is found as a generalization of the Josephson effect in superconductivity. The self-trapped effects are also predicted in three coupled BEC. Moreover, in general case, the phase diagrams of the system are closed only for some special parameters, which can be used to determine the interaction parameters between atoms in BEC.