Phase diagram of the La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ compound for $0.5\leq x\leq 0.9$

TL;DR

This study maps the phase diagram of La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ for $0.5 extless x extless 0.9$, revealing structural, charge-ordered, and magnetic phases using neutron diffraction and magnetization data.

Contribution

It identifies distinct phase boundaries and mixed-phase regions in La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$, providing detailed insight into its structural and magnetic transitions.

Findings

Identification of four main phases at specific x values.

Observation of phase coexistence and mixed compounds.

Correlation of structural and magnetic transitions at certain compositions.

Abstract

We have studied the phase diagram of La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ for $0.5\leq x\leq 0.9$ using neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. At 300 K all samples are paramagnetic and single phase with crystallographic symmetry $Pnma$. As the temperature is reduced a structural transition is observed which is to a charge-ordered state only for certain x. On further cooling the material passes to an antiferromagnetic ground state with Neel temperature $T_N$ that depends on x. For $0.8\leq x\leq 0.9$ the structural transformation occurs at the same temperature as the magnetic transition. Overall, the neutron diffraction patterns were explained by considering four phase boundaries for which La$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$MnO$_3$ forms a distinct phase: the CE phase at $x=0.5-0.55$, the charge-ordered phase at x=2/3, the monoclinic and C-type magnetic structure at $x=0.80-0.85$ and the G-type magnetic structure at x=1. Between these phase boundaries the magnetic reflections suggest the existence of mixed compounds containing both phases of the adjacent phase boundaries in a ratio determined by the lever rule.