From Boson Condensation to Quark Deconfinement: The Many Faces of Neutron Star Interiors

TL;DR

Neutron star cores host extreme particle processes like boson condensation and quark deconfinement, offering insights into dense matter physics through astrophysical observations.

Contribution

This paper reviews the diverse particle phenomena in neutron star interiors and their observable implications, highlighting the potential to study superdense matter.

Findings

Neutron stars may contain exotic states like strange quark matter.

Observable stellar properties can reveal internal particle processes.

Recent astronomical data enhances understanding of dense matter physics.

Abstract

Gravity compresses the matter in the cores of neutron stars to densities which are significantly higher than the density of ordinary atomic nuclei, thus providing a high-pressure environment in which numerous particle processes - from the generation of new baryonic particles to quark deconfinement to the formation of Boson condensates and H-matter - may compete with each other. There are theoretical suggestions of even more `exotic' processes inside pulsars, such as the formation of absolutely stable strange quark matter, a configuration of matter even more stable than the most stable atomic nucleus, iron. In the latter event, neutron stars would be largely composed of pure quark matter, eventually enveloped in nuclear crust matter. No matter which physical processes are actually realized inside neutron stars, each one leads to fingerprints, some more pronounced than others though, in the observable stellar quantities. This feature combined with the tremendous recent progress in observational radio and X-ray astronomy, renders neutron stars to nearly ideal probes for a wide range of dense matter studies, complementing the quest of the behavior of superdense matter in terrestrial collider experiments.