The abundance of nitrogen in starburst nucleus galaxies

TL;DR

This paper investigates nitrogen overabundance in starburst nucleus galaxies, linking it to past star formation bursts and suggesting a cosmological connection to increased star formation activity around redshifts 0.2-0.3.

Contribution

It reveals that nitrogen overabundance in SBNGs is due to past star formation bursts, providing insights into galaxy evolution and star formation history.

Findings

Nitrogen overabundance correlates with bulge-like N/O ratios.

Nitrogen production involves multiple stellar populations from past starbursts.

Star formation activity increased significantly 2-3 Gyrs ago, affecting galaxy evolution.

Abstract

We show that the excess of nitrogen emission observed in a large sample of Starburst Nucleus Galaxies (SBNGs) can only be explained at a given metallicity by an overabundance of nitrogen with respect to normal HII regions in the disks of late-type spirals. The N/O ratios in the SBNGs are comparable to the values found in the bulges of normal early-type spirals, which suggests that what we observe could be the main production of nitrogen in the bulges of these galaxies. The variation of the N/O ratio as a function of metallicity in SBNGs follows a primary + secondary relation, but the increase of nitrogen does not appear as a continuous process. In SBNGs, nitrogen is probably produced by different populations of intermediate-mass stars, which were formed during past sequences of bursts of star formation. This assumption pushes the origin of the main bursts 2-3 Gyrs back in the past. On a cosmological scale, this time interval corresponds to redshifts z = 0.2-0.3, where a significant increase of star formation activity occurred. The origin of the SBNG phenomenon would thus have cosmological implications, it would be related to a more active phase of star formation in the Universe sometime in its recent past.