Starbursts in barred spiral galaxies. V. Morphological analysis of bars

TL;DR

This study analyzes the properties of bars in 125 barred galaxies, revealing differences in bar length and strength across galaxy types and activity levels, and linking these features to galaxy evolution.

Contribution

It provides a detailed morphological analysis of bars, highlighting distinct behaviors between early- and late-type galaxies and their relation to nuclear activity.

Findings

Longer bars are mostly found in active galaxies.

Active late-type galaxies tend to have stronger, longer bars.

Early-type galaxies have uniformly strong bars regardless of activity.

Abstract

We have measured the bar lengths and widths of 125 barred galaxies observed with CCDs. The dependence of bar strength (identified with bar axis ratio) on morphological type, nuclear activity, central and mid-bar surface brightness is investigated. The properties of the bars are best explained if the sample is divided into early- (< SBbc) and late-type galaxies, and into active (starburst, Seyfert or LINER) and normal galaxies. We find that galaxies with very long bars are mostly active and that normal late-type galaxies have a distinct behavior from the three other groups of galaxies. We confirm earlier findings that active late-type galaxies tend to have both stronger and longer bars than normal ones. An important result of this paper is that early-type galaxies do not share this behavior : they all tend to have strong bars, whether they are active or not. We also find correlations between bar strength and relative surface brightness in the middle and at the edge of the bar, which are not followed by normal late-type galaxies. These results are interpreted in the light of recent numerical simulations and paradigms about galaxy evolution. They suggest that normal late-type galaxies represent the first stage of galaxy evolution, and that bars in early- and late-type galaxies do not have the same properties because they have a different origin.