Multiwavelength optical observations of chromospherically active binary systems. I. Simultaneous H{alpha}, NaI D{1}, D{2}, and HeI D{3} observations

TL;DR

This study presents simultaneous optical spectroscopic observations of 18 active binary systems, analyzing chromospheric activity through multiple lines and revealing phenomena like microflaring, prominences, and stellar flares.

Contribution

First comprehensive simultaneous multi-line optical spectroscopic study of active binary systems, identifying new chromospheric activity indicators and phenomena.

Findings

Detection of broad Hα wings indicating microflaring activity.

Identification of prominence-like material near eclipses.

Observation of stellar flares through He I D3 emission.

Abstract

This is the first paper of a series aimed at studying the chromosphere of active binary systems using the information provided for several optical spectroscopic features. Simultaneous H{alpha}, Na I D{1}, D{2}, and He I D{3} spectroscopic observations are reported here for 18 systems. The chromospheric contribution in these lines have been determined using the spectral subtraction technique. Very broad wings have been found in the subtracted H{alpha} profile of some of the more active stars. These profiles are well matched using a two-components Gaussian fit (narrow and broad) and the broad component could be interpreted as arising from microflaring. Prominence-like extended material have been detected in a near-eclipse H{alpha} observation of the system AR Lac. The excess emission found in the Na I D{1} and D{2} lines by application of the spectral subtraction technique and the behaviour of the H{alpha} line in the corresponding simultaneous observations indicate that the filling-in of the core of these lines is a chromospheric activity indicator. For giant stars of the sample the He I D{3} line has been detected in absorption in the subtracted spectra. An optical flare has been detected in UX Ari and II Peg through the presence of the He I D{3} in emission in coincidence with the enhancement of the H{alpha} emission.