Polarization of high-energy emissions from the Crab pulsar

TL;DR

This paper models high-energy polarization emissions from the Crab pulsar using an extended outer gap framework, successfully explaining observed light curves, spectra, and polarization features by considering secondary and tertiary pair contributions.

Contribution

It introduces an updated outer gap model that accounts for polarization and emission features, aligning theoretical predictions with optical polarization observations of the Crab pulsar.

Findings

Secondary pairs explain main light curve features

Tertiary pairs contribute to bridge emissions

Model reproduces polarization behavior and energy dependence

Abstract

We investigate polarization of high-energy emissions from the Crab pulsar in the frame work of the outer gap accelerator, following previous works of Cheng and coworkers. The recent version of the outer gap, which extends from inside the null charge surface to the light cylinder, is used for examining the synchrotron radiations from the secondary and the tertiary pairs, which are produced outside the gap. We calculate the light curve, the spectrum and the polarization characteristics, simultaneously, by taking into account gyration motion of the particles. The polarization position angle curve and the polarization degree are calculated to compare with the Crab optical data. We demonstrate that the radiations from inside the null charge surface make outer-wing and off-pulse emissions in the light curve, and the tertiary pairs contribute to bridge emissions. The emissions from the secondary pairs explain the main features of the observed light curve and spectrum. On the other hand, both emissions from inside the null charge surface and from the tertiary pairs are required to explain the optical polarization behavior of the Crab pulsar. The energy dependence of the polarization features is expected by the present model. For the Crab pulsar, the polarization position angle curve indicates that the viewing angle of the observer measured from the rotational axis is greater than $90^{\circ}$.