The UV spectrum of HS1700+6416 II. FUSE observations of the HeII Lyman alpha forest

TL;DR

This study analyzes the HeII Lyman alpha forest in the UV spectrum of quasar HS1700+6416 using FUSE data, revealing fluctuations in the intergalactic UV background and the influence of galaxies on ionization at redshift 2.58-2.72.

Contribution

First detailed analysis of the HeII Lyman alpha forest in HS1700+6416, assessing methods and intergalactic UV background fluctuations at z~2.7.

Findings

HeII/HI ratio eta estimated around 100.

Significant fluctuations in eta suggest a variable UV background.

Evidence of galaxy contribution to the UV ionizing radiation.

Abstract

We present the far-UV spectrum of the quasar HS1700+6416 taken with FUSE. This QSO provides the second line of sight with the HeII absorption resolved into a Ly alpha forest structure. Since HS1700+6416 is slightly less redshifted (z=2.72) than HE2347-4342, we only probe the post-reionization phase of HeII, seen in the evolution of the HeII opacity, which is consistent with a simple power law. The HeII/HI ratio eta is estimated using a line profile-fitting procedure and an apparent optical depth approach, respectively. The expected metal line absorption in the far-UV is taken into account as well as molecular absorption of galactic H_2. About 27% of the eta values are affected by metal line absorption. In order to investigate the applicability of the analysis methods, we create simple artificial spectra based on the statistical properties of the HI Ly alpha forest. The analysis of the artificial data demonstrates that the apparent optical depth method as well as the line profile-fitting procedure lead to confident results for restricted data samples only (12.0 < log N(HI) < 13.0). The reasons are saturation in the case of the apparent optical depth and thermal line widths in the case of the profile fits. Furthermore, applying the methods to the unrestricted data set may mimic a correlation between eta and the strength of the HI absorption. For the restricted data samples a scatter of 10 - 15% in eta would be expected even if the underlying value is constant. The observed scatter is significantly larger than expected, indicating that the intergalactic radiation background is indeed fluctuating. In the redshift range 2.58 < z < 2.72, where the data quality is best, we find eta ~ 100, suggesting a contribution of soft sources like galaxies to the UV background.