Scalar potential model of the CMB radiation temperature

TL;DR

This paper introduces a scalar potential model to derive the cosmic microwave background temperature, explaining its value and fluctuations through galaxy cell interactions and thermodynamic principles.

Contribution

It presents a novel scalar potential model applying thermodynamics to estimate the CMB temperature, linking galaxy cell dynamics to cosmic radiation temperature.

Findings

Calculated CMB temperature V = 2.718 K

Matched observed temperature vm = 2.725 K

Proposed a feedback mechanism controlling cell temperature and matter content

Abstract

A derivation of a theoretical, time average, cosmic microwave background (CMB), Planckian temperature V of the universe remains a challenge. A scalar potential model (SPM) that resulted from considerations of galaxy cells is applied to deriving a value for V. The heat equation is solved for a cell with the boundary conditions of SPM Source and Sink characteristics, with simplified cell characteristics, and with zero initial temperature. The universe is a collection of cells. The CMB radiation is black body radiation with the cells acting as radiators and absorbers. Conventional thermodynamics is applied to calculate V = 2.718 K. The temperature and matter content of cells are finely controlled by a feedback mechanism. Because time is required for matter to flow from Sources to Sinks, the radiation temperature of cells cycles about V after an initial growth phase. If the universe is like an ideal gas in free expansion and is not in thermal equilibrium, then the pressure and volume follow the measured CMB temperature vm = 2.725 K. Therefore, increasing vm >V equates to an expansion pressure on matter and expanding volume.