Comments on an Expanding Universe

TL;DR

This paper explores key aspects of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology, deriving an exact Hubble's law equation, analyzing distant object speeds, and revealing a new tail-light angle effect that corrects the parallax distance formula.

Contribution

It introduces an exact equation for Hubble's law, clarifies the speeds of distant objects, and uncovers a new tail-light angle effect impacting distance measurements.

Findings

Derived an exact equation for Hubble's law

Clarified the speeds of faraway objects in cosmology

Discovered a tail-light angle effect that corrects the parallax distance formula

Abstract

Various results are obtained for a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology. We derive an exact equation that determines Hubble's law, clarify issues concerning the speeds of faraway objects and uncover a "tail-light angle effect" for distant luminous sources. The latter leads to a small, previously unnoticed correction to the parallax distance formula.