Energy Emission by Quantum Systems in an Expanding FRW Metric

TL;DR

Quantum systems in an expanding universe can emit energy at a rate proportional to the Hubble constant and their binding energy, potentially impacting dark matter composition.

Contribution

This paper demonstrates that bound quantum systems not expanding with the universe release energy proportionally to the Hubble constant and their binding energy, a novel insight into quantum cosmology.

Findings

Energy emission rate is proportional to Hubble constant and binding energy.

Early universe quantum systems could contribute significantly to dark matter.

Examined systems include hadrons with potential cosmological implications.

Abstract

Bound quantum mechanical systems not expanding with the comoving frame of an expanding, flat FRW metric are found to release energy at a rate linearly proportional to the local Hubble constant ($H_{o}$) and the systems' binding energy ($E_{b}$); {\em i.e.}, $\dot{E} = H_{o} E_{b}$. Three exemplary quantum systems are examined. For systems with early cosmological condensation times | notably hadrons | time-integrated energy release could have been significant and could account for an appreciable fraction of the dark matter inventory.