A High Temperature Liquid Plasma Model of the Sun

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel high-temperature liquid plasma model of the Sun, suggesting a constant density and emphasizing surface radiative phenomena, challenging traditional gaseous models and providing new insights into solar structure.

Contribution

It introduces a liquid plasma model of the Sun that considers constant density and non-equilibrium nuclear reactions, contrasting with traditional gaseous models.

Findings

Evidence of high-density liquid plasma in the Sun

Questioning the established temperature of the solar photosphere

Highlighting radiative emission as a surface phenomenon

Abstract

In this work, a liquid model of the Sun is presented wherein the entire solar mass is viewed as a high density/high energy plasma. This model challenges our current understanding of the densities associated with the internal layers of the Sun, advocating a relatively constant density, almost independent of radial position. The incompressible nature of liquids is advanced to prevent solar collapse from gravitational forces. The liquid plasma model of the Sun is a non-equilibrium approach, where nuclear reactions are free to occur throughout the solar mass. The primary means of addressing internal heat transfer are convection and conduction. As a result of the convective processes on the solar surface, the liquid model brings into question the established temperature of the solar photosphere by highlighting a violation of Kirchhoff's law of thermal emission. Along these lines, the model emphasizes that radiative emission is a surface phenomenon. Strong evidence is provided that the Sun is a high density/high energy liquid plasma. This evidence is based on our knowledge of Planckian thermal emission and condensed matter, including the existence of pressure ionization and liquid metallic hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures. The equations of magnetohydrodynamics are invoked as the proper vehicle for the understanding od stellar convection and structure. Prior to introducing the liquid plasma model, the historic and scientific justifications for the gaseous model of the Sun are reviewed and the gaseous equations of state are also discussed.