A Conceptual Tour About the Standard Cosmological Model

TL;DR

This paper reviews the development and current understanding of the Standard Cosmological Model, integrating observations and theories from various physics disciplines to explain the universe's evolution.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts, observations, and theoretical frameworks that underpin the Standard Cosmological Model.

Findings

Consolidation of the Standard Cosmological Model based on astrophysical data.

Discussion of dark energy, dark matter, and cosmic microwave background evidence.

Integration of general relativity and inflation theories in cosmology.

Abstract

With the beginning of the XXIst century, a physical model of our Universe, usually called the Standard Cosmological Model (SCM), is reaching an important level of consolidation, based on accurate astrophysical data and also on theoretical developments. In this paper we review the interplay between the basic concepts and observations underlying this model. The SCM is a complex and beautiful building, recieving inputs from many branches of physics. Major topics reviewed are: General Relativity and the cosmological constant, the Cosmological Principle and Friedmann-Robertson-Walker-Lemaitre models, Hubble diagrams and dark energy, large scale structure and dark matter, the cosmic microwave background, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and inflation.