The ELODIE survey for northern extra--solar planets I. 6 new extra--solar planet candidates

TL;DR

The paper reports the discovery of six new exoplanet candidates orbiting solar-type stars using radial-velocity measurements, expanding the known exoplanet population and highlighting potential targets for direct imaging.

Contribution

First report of six new exoplanet candidates from the ELODIE survey, with detailed orbital and mass properties, and implications for direct imaging efforts.

Findings

Six new exoplanet candidates with periods over 3 years.

Minimum masses range from 2 to 10.6 Jupiter masses.

Most orbits are eccentric, with e around 0.5.

Abstract

Precise radial-velocity observations at Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP, France) with the ELODIE echelle spectrograph have been undertaken since 1994. In addition to several discoveries described elsewhere, including and following that of 51 Peg b, they reveal new sub-stellar companions with essentially moderate to long periods. We report here about such companions orbiting five solar-type stars (HD 8574, HD 23596, HD 33636, HD 50554, HD 106252) and one sub-giant star (HD 190228). The companion of HD 8574 has an intermediate period of 227.55 days and a semi--major axis of 0.77 AU. All other companions have long periods, exceeding 3 years, and consequently their semi-major axes are around or above 2 AU. The detected companions have minimum masses m2sini ranging from slightly more than 2 M_Jup to 10.6 M_Jup. These additional objects reinforce the conclusion that most planetary companions have masses lower than 5 M_Jup but with a tail of the mass distribution going up above 15 M_Jup. The orbits are all eccentric and 4 out of 6 have an eccentricity of the order of 0.5. Four stars exhibit solar metallicity, one is metal-rich and one metal-poor. With 6 new extra-solar planet candidates discovered, increasing their total known to-date number to 115, the ELODIE Planet Search Survey yield is currently 18. We emphasize that 3 out of the 6 companions could in principle be resolved by diffraction-limited imaging on 8m-class telescopes depending on the achievable contrast, and therefore be primary targets for first attempts of extra-solar planet direct imaging.