Probing dark energy with gamma-ray bursts

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel method to utilize gamma-ray bursts as probes of dark energy by calibrating their luminosity relations at low redshift and applying this to high-redshift GRBs, improving constraints on cosmological parameters.

Contribution

It presents a new calibration technique for GRBs as distance indicators and demonstrates their potential to precisely measure dark energy properties.

Findings

Combined GRB and SNIa data can accurately determine $\

5$ and $w$ values.

Future GRB data significantly enhance dark energy constraints.

Abstract

We propose a new method to use gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as an alternative probe of the dark energy. By calibrating luminosity-variability and luminosity-lag time relations at low redshift where distance-redshift relations have been already determined from type Ia supernova (SNIa), GRBs at high redshift can be used as a distance indicator. We investigate the potential impact of future GRB data on determining the current matter density $\Omega_{m}$ and the dark energy equation of state $w$ which is assumed to be constant. We show that a combined analysis of a data set expected from the {\it Swift} and the current SNIa data results in excellent determination of both $\Omega_{m}$ and $w$.