Tidal Dwarf Candidates in a Sample of Interacting Galaxies. II. Properties and Kinematics of the Ionized Gas

TL;DR

This study analyzes the properties and kinematics of ionized gas in tidal features of interacting galaxies to identify potential Tidal Dwarf Galaxies, confirming their association, metallicity, and velocity gradients suggestive of self-gravity.

Contribution

It provides new spectroscopic data on ionized gas in tidal knots, assessing their metallicity and kinematic properties to evaluate their status as genuine Tidal Dwarf Galaxies.

Findings

Most knots have metallicities typical of TDGs.

Velocity gradients exceeding 100 km/s observed in some knots.

Higher resolution needed to confirm dynamical independence.

Abstract

We present low-resolution spectroscopy of the ionized gas in a sample of optical knots located along the tidal features of 14 interacting galaxies and previously selected as candidates of Tidal Dwarf Galaxies (TDGs). From redshift measurements, we are able to confirm their physical association with the interacting system in almost all cases. For most knots, the oxygen abundance does not depend on the blue luminosity. The average, 12+log(O/H)=8.34+-0.20, is typical of TDGs and comparable to that measured in the outer stellar disk of spirals from which they were formed. A few knots showing low metallicities are probably pre-existing low-mass companions. The estimated Ha luminosity of the TDG candidates is higher than the one of typical individual HII regions in spiral disks and comparable to the global Ha luminosity of dwarf galaxies. We find several instances of velocity gradients with amplitudes apparently larger than 100 km/s in the ionized gas in the tidal knots and discuss various possible origins for the large velocity amplitudes. While we can exclude tidal streaming motions and outflows, we cannot rule out projection effects with the current resolution. The velocity gradients could be indicative of the internal kinematics characteristic of self-gravitating objects. Higher resolution spectra are required to confirm whether the tidal knots in our sample have already acquired their dynamical independence and are therefore genuine Tidal Dwarf Galaxies.