The Apparent Host Galaxy of PKS 1413+135: HST, ASCA and VLBA Observations

TL;DR

This study uses HST, ASCA, and VLBA observations to investigate the nature and location of the AGN in PKS 1413+135, revealing complex absorption features and potential decentering of the nucleus relative to its host galaxy.

Contribution

The paper provides new multi-wavelength observational evidence clarifying the absorber's properties and the AGN's position within its host galaxy, addressing previous uncertainties.

Findings

The active nucleus has an extremely red color indicating a spectral turnover and a GMC-sized absorber.

The intrinsic column density of the absorber is approximately 4.6 x 10^{22} cm^{-2}.

The AGN may be decentered relative to the optical galaxy, suggesting complex geometry or background positioning.

Abstract

PKS 1413+135 (z=0.24671) is one of very few radio-loud AGN with an apparent spiral host galaxy. Previous authors have attributed its nearly exponential infrared cutoff to heavy absorption but have been unable to place tight limits on the absorber or its location in the optical galaxy. In addition, doubts remain about the relationship of the AGN to the optical galaxy given the observed lack of re-emitted radiation. We present new HST, ASCA and VLBA observations which throw significant new light on these issues. The HST observations reveal an extrremely red color (V-H = 6.9 mag) for the active nucleus of PKS 1413+135, requiring both a spectral turnover at a few microns due to synchrotron aging and a GMC-sized absorber. We derive an intrinsic column N_H = 4.6^{+2.1}_{-1.6} times 10^{22}cm^{-2} and covering fraction f = 0.12^{+0.07}_{-0.05}. As the GMC is likely in the disk of the optical galaxy, our sightline is rather unlikely (P ~ 2 times 10^{-4}). The properties of the GMC typical of GMCs in our own galaxy. The HI absorber appears centered 25 milliarcseconds away from the nucleus, while the X-ray and nearly all of the molecular absorbers must cover the nucleus, implying a complicated geometry and cloud structure, with a molecular core along our line of sight to the nucleus. Interestingly, the HST/NICMOS data require the AGN to be decentered relative to the optical galaxy by 13 +/- 4 milliarcseconds. This could be interpreted as suggestive of an AGN location far in the background compared to the optical galaxy, but it can also be explained by obscuration and/or nuclear structure, which is more consistent with the observed lack of multiple images.