Binaries discovered by the SPY project. II. HE 1414-0848: a double degenerate with a mass close to the Chandrasekhar limit

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery and analysis of HE 1414-0848, a double white dwarf binary with a total mass close to the Chandrasekhar limit, providing insights into potential supernova progenitors.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed orbital and mass measurements of HE 1414-0848, a double-lined DA+DA binary with a total mass near the Chandrasekhar limit, and discusses its formation and future evolution.

Findings

Total system mass is 1.26 solar masses.

Component masses are 0.55 and 0.71 solar masses.

System will merge in over two Hubble times.

Abstract

In the course of our search for double degenerate (DD) binaries as potential progenitors of type Ia supernovae with the UVES spectrograph at the ESO VLT (ESO SN Ia Progenitor surveY - SPY) we discovered that the white dwarf HE 1414-0848 is a double-lined DA+DA binary with an orbital period of P = 12h 25m 39s. Semi-amplitudes of 128km/s and 100km/s are derived for the individual components. The amplitude ratio and the measured difference in gravitational redshift is used to estimate the masses of the individual components: 0.55Msol and 0.71Msol. Hence the total mass of the HE 1414-0848 system is 1.26Msol, only 10% below the Chandrasekhar limit. The results of a model atmosphere analysis are consistent with our mass estimated from the orbit. Temperatures of the individual components are also determined. Possible scenarios for the formation of this system are discussed. The system will merge due to loss of angular momentum via gravitational wave radiation after two Hubble times. HE 1414-0848 does not qualify as a SN Ia progenitor, but it is the most massive close DD known today.