VLT Spectroscopy of Galaxies Lensed by Abell AC114: Implication for the Mass Model and the Study of Low-Luminosity Galaxies at High-Redshift

TL;DR

This study uses VLT spectroscopy of galaxies lensed by cluster AC114 to refine the mass model and explore low-luminosity high-redshift galaxies, revealing fainter galaxies than previous surveys and demonstrating the method's potential for high-z universe studies.

Contribution

First spectroscopic survey of faint lensed galaxies in AC114, confirming lensing models and discovering a new multiple-image system, enhancing understanding of high-redshift low-luminosity galaxies.

Findings

Confirmed lensing redshifts for 3 multiple-image galaxies.

Discovered a new 5-image system at z=3.347.

Revised the lens model and calculated magnifications, revealing intrinsically fainter galaxies.

Abstract

We present the first results of a spectroscopic survey of faint lensed galaxie s in the core of the galaxy cluster AC114 (z=0.312) obtained from observations w ith the FORS1 spectrograph mounted on the VLT-Antu. The galaxies were chose n in areas close to the high-z critical lines predicted by the gravitational lens model of Natarajan et al (NKSE, 1998) for this cluster, according to both lensing and photometric redshift criteria. All the target galaxies are found to correspond to background galaxies with redshifts values in the [0.7, 3.5] interval. Our spectroscopic observations confirm the predicted lensing redshifts for 3 of the multiple-image galaxies, and together with predictions of the NKSE model led to the discovery of a new 5-image configuration at redshift z=3.347. A revised NKSE model, compatible with the redshift of this new multiple-image system, was generated and employed to calculate the gravitational amplifications of all the observed galaxies. The galaxies corresponding to the multiple-image systems are found to be intrinsically fainter, between 0.5 and 1.5 magnitudes, than the limiting magnitudes of existing blank field studies. When all the observed background galaxies are considered, the resulting intrinsic absolute magnitudes range from M_B~-22 to -19. Therefore, a large gain in sensitivity towards low luminosity high-z objects can actually be obtained, in agreement with theoretical expectations. This method can be used advantageously to probe the high redshift Universe and, in particular, its application to an ensemble of massive cluster cores could constraint the faint end of luminosity function of high redshift galaxies.