Pressure- and magnetic shear- driven instabilities in rotating MHD jets

TL;DR

This paper derives new stability criteria for rotating MHD jets, revealing that magnetic shear can destabilize jets and potentially contribute to high-energy particle acceleration in AGN jets.

Contribution

It introduces novel stability criteria involving magnetic shear, showing that certain jet configurations are more prone to instabilities than previously thought.

Findings

Magnetic shear can destabilize jets with vanishing current density on the axis.

Standard nonrotating jet models are not stabilized by rotation unless near equilibrium limits.

New magnetic shear-driven instability may energize particles in AGN jets.

Abstract

We derive new stability criteria for purely MHD instabilities in rotating jets, in the framework of the ballooning ordering expansion. Quite unexpectedly, they involve a term which is linear in the magnetic shear. This implies that cylindrical configurations can be destabilized by a negative magnetic shear as well as by a favorable equilibrium pressure gradient, in distinction with the predictions of Suydam's stability criterion, which suggests on the contrary that the shear is always stabilizing. We have used these criteria to establish sufficient conditions for instability. In particular, the magnetic shear can always destabilize jets with vanishing current density on the axis, a feature which is generically found in jets which are launched from an accretion disk. We also show that standard nonrotating jet models (where the toroidal field dominates the poloidal one), which are known to be unstable, are not stabilized by rotation, unless the plasma $\beta$ parameter and the strength of the rotation forces are both close to the limit allowed by the condition of radial equilibrium. The new magnetic shear-driven instability found in this paper, as well as the more conventional pressure-driven instability, might provide us with a potential energy source for the particle acceleration mechanisms underlying the high energy emission which takes place in the interior of AGN jets.