Dual Polyhedra and Mirror Symmetry for Calabi-Yau Hypersurfaces in Toric Varieties

TL;DR

This paper explores a duality between families of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties, revealing mirror symmetry properties and providing new examples and candidates for mirror pairs in Calabi-Yau 3-folds.

Contribution

It establishes a geometric duality between Calabi-Yau families via dual polyhedra, connecting to mirror symmetry and enabling construction of new Calabi-Yau examples.

Findings

Dual polyhedra define mirror Calabi-Yau families.

Properties of duality align with physicists' mirror symmetry.

New Calabi-Yau 3-fold examples and mirror candidates are constructed.

Abstract

We consider families ${\cal F}(\Delta)$ consisting of complex $(n-1)$-dimensional projective algebraic compactifications of $\Delta$-regular affine hypersurfaces $Z_f$ defined by Laurent polynomials $f$ with a fixed $n$-dimensional Newton polyhedron $\Delta$ in $n$-dimensional algebraic torus ${\bf T} =({\bf C}^*)^n$. If the family ${\cal F}(\Delta)$ defined by a Newton polyhedron $\Delta$ consists of $(n-1)$-dimensional Calabi-Yau varieties, then the dual, or polar, polyhedron $\Delta^*$ in the dual space defines another family ${\cal F}(\Delta^*)$ of Calabi-Yau varieties, so that we obtain the remarkable duality between two {\em different families} of Calabi-Yau varieties. It is shown that the properties of this duality coincide with the properties of {\em Mirror Symmetry} discovered by physicists for Calabi-Yau $3$-folds. Our method allows to construct many new examples of Calabi-Yau $3$-folds and new candidats for their mirrors which were previously unknown for physicists. We conjecture that there exists an isomorphism between two conformal field theories corresponding to Calabi-Yau varieties from two families ${\cal F}(\Delta)$ and ${\cal F}(\Delta^*)$.